Coupling of N7-methyltransferase and 3′-5′ exoribonuclease with SARS-CoV-2 polymerase reveals mechanisms for capping and proofreading

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The Unique GGA Clathrin Adaptor of Drosophila melanogaster Is Not Essential

The Golgi-localized, γ-ear-containing, ARF binding proteins (GGAs) are a highly conserved family of monomeric clathrin adaptor proteins implicated in clathrin-mediated protein sorting between the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. GGA RNAi knockdowns in Drosophila have resulted in conflicting data concerning whether the Drosophila GGA (dGGA) is essential. The goal of this study was to define the null phenotype for the unique Drosophila GGA. We describe two independently derived dGGA mutations. Neither allele expresses detectable dGGA protein. Homozygous and hemizygous flies with each allele are viable and fertile. In contrast to a previous report using RNAi knockdown, GGA mutant flies show no evidence of age-dependent retinal degeneration or cathepsin missorting. Our results demonstrate that several of the previous RNAi knockdown phenotypes were the result of off-target effects. However, GGA null flies are hypersensitive to dietary chloroquine and to starvation, implicating GGA in lysosomal function and autophagy.     

Screening and Identification of Marburg Virus Entry Inhibitors Using Approved Drugs

正Dear Editor,Marburg virus(MARV) belongs to the Filoviridae family,along with the related Ebola virus(EBOV). Although MARV is less renowned than EBOV, it causes an equally devastating disease, with clinical symptoms similar to EBOV infection and a remarkably high mortality rate. To     

植被类型变化对土壤微生物碳利用效率的影响研究进展

植被类型变化强烈影响着土壤碳循环。土壤微生物碳利用效率（CUE）是微生物将从环境中获取的碳分配给自身生长的比例，是土壤碳循环的综合指标。研究植被类型变化对CUE的影响有助于从微生物视角理解该过程中的土壤碳动态，可以为评估植被类型变化对土壤质量及生态系统碳循环的影响提供基础，具有重要的理论及实际价值。通过系统查阅相关文献，综述了植被类型变化导致的CUE变化情况，以及该过程中影响CUE的因子与机制。目前，相关研究主要涉及以林地、草地和农业用地为起点或终点的植被变化类型。天然林（原生林、次生林）变化为人工林、林地变化为草地后CUE普遍下降，随终点植被的发展CUE可能恢复至起点水平。植被成熟度越高，发生转变时CUE变化越剧烈。植被类型变化以农业用地为起点或终点时，CUE变化方向的不确定性及幅度的变异性均增加。植被类型变化导致的CUE变化主要受到植被、土壤、微生物因子及其交互作用的驱动，指示CUE的指标、采样季节和土层也会一定程度上影响CUE的变化。今后相关研究应采用直接的CUE测定方法，拓宽研究气候区及植被变化类型，关注植被变化过程中CUE变化的土层差异及动态监测，深入对植被类型变化导致的生态环境因子变化与CUE的关系及作用机制的研究。     

Genetic diversity and relationship of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. landraces and related taxa

Genetic diversity and differentiation of four landraces of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. and two congeners Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don and Fritillaria anhuiensis S. C. Chen et S. F. Yin were evaluated using ISSR markers. The results showed that the genetic diversity of F. thunbergii was high at the specie level but relatively lower at the landrace level. A high level of genetic differentiation among four F. thunbergii landraces was detected based on the gene differentiation coefficient and the AMOVA, in line with the low inter-landrace gene flow. MS-tree analysis showed that the four F. thunbergii landraces were clustered on adjacent positions of the tree, and that Kuanye (Ft-KY) landrace was relatively distantly related to other landraces. In line with the MS-tree analysis, PCoA revealed that the three species of Fritillaria can be divided into two groups and three subgroups, among which there occurred a remarkable genetic differentiation.